Test sanskrit 2

Hello friends

 It has been quite a long time i haven't  wrote any post,sorry but  i was a bit busy. Anyways lets continue with   

the lessons. Before that lets see how much you guys remember about the previous classes by a short test.

                                                     sanskrit   test paper                                                                                              

Marks --  50
Time  -- 60 mins                                                                                                                              

आन्ग्ल्यम अर्थम् लिखतु :-       (5 )

Write the english meanings for the below:-

चषकः -

वलितं -

श्रुगालाह

बकः

अमृतं

विमोल पदानि लिखतु:     (5 )

write the opposites

मधुरं

बृहत 

राजा 

सायं

सुखं

संधि करोतु :                  (5)

split the words

सद्गमय 

तमसः 

अहमपि

 देवालय

बोधति+इति

वर्नासंयोगम करोतु :            (2)

Join the words

ल+अ+ग+उ 

व्+अ_स+ त +र+ अ+ म

स्लोकाम  पूरयतु:-                 (5) 

Fill up the slokha

असतो माँ ....................

अधरम  मधुरं ............

विभक्तिम प्रयोगम  रिकित्स्तानानी पूरयतु :   (3)

Fill in the blanks using Vibhakti:

अहम् ---------- खेलामी (रामः/ रामेण)
मम नाम --------- (सिया/सियाम)
फलं .......... पतति (वृक्षं/वृक्षात)


प्रश्नोतरम लिखतु                                (10)

1)राग्यस्य वक्शास्थ्लौप्री कह उपविशति ?

2) स्थालितः कह भोजनं न अखादत ?
3)  " मृत्योर्मा अमृतं गमय " अर्थं लिखतु
4)   कह समयं सूचयति ?
5)   शृगालस्य स्वभावः कीदृशः भवति ?

चित्रं दृष्ट्वा पञ्च पदानि लिखतु :-  (5)

Write the vibhakti for "RAM"  (5)

Name all the 10 types of lakkaras  (5)



If you have any queries regarding the answer you can put them in my comment box or you can even  mail  me in the below id

siya.daswani@gmail.com

                                          GOOD LUCK

learn sanskrit 15 (grammar)

So in the last post i just gave u ahint of lkaras right yes ofcourse we are just going ahead in the same topic it is really very intresting topic among everything that is nothing but tence yes yes ofcourse the tences so lets learn below some basic introduction on the above mentioned topic

General introduction to the tenses.

In Sanskrit, verbs are associated with ten different
forms of usage. Of these six relate to the tenses and
four relate to moods. We shall examine the usages
now.
Six tenses are identified as follows. The tenses
directly relate to the time associated with the
activity specified in the verb, i.e., whether the
activity referred to in the verb is taking
place now or has it happened already or if it
will happen or going to happen etc.

Present tense:  वर्तमान कालः 
There is only one form for the present tense.

Past tense: भूत कालः 

Past tense has three forms associated with it.
1. Expressing something that had happened sometime
    in the recent past, typically last few days.
2. Expressing something that might have just happened,
    typically in the earlier part of the day.
3. Expressing something that had happened in the distant
    past about which we may not have much or any
    knowledge.

Future tense: भविष्यत कालः 
Future tense has two forms associated with it.
1. Expressing something that is certainly going to happen.
2. Expressing something that is likely to happen.
------Verb forms not associated with time.
There are four forms of the verb which do not relate
to any time. These forms are called "moods" in the
English language. English grammar specifies threemoods which are, Indicative mood, Imperative mood
and the Subjunctive mood. In Sanskrit primers one
sees a reference to four moods with a slightly
different nomenclature. These are, Imperative mood,
potential mood, conditional mood and benedictive
mood. Since the nomenclature differs we will have
to see what the moods in Sanskrit actually refer to.
The ten forms of usage of the verb are each given a
name in Sanskrit and all the names start with the
akshara l. Hence the forms are called the ten "lakaras"
(Even though two of the forms do not strictly start
with l , the term lkara:  applies)
1. लट  Present tense

2. लङ्ग्  Past tense - imperfect

3. लुङ्ग् Past tense - aorist

4. लिट् Past tense - perfect

5. लुट्  Future tense - likely

6. लृट्Future tense - certain

7. लृङ्ग्  Conditional mood

८  विधिलिङ्ग् .  Potential mood

9. आशिर्लीङ्ग्   Benedictive mood

10. लोट्  Imperative mood

so wasn't that interesting dear friends, hmmm so this is just an introduction to lakaras lets learn more on each kind of lakaras no no don't worry not now but in nxt post becoz i know it is a bit difficult..... so to learn sanskrit u need to learn this and all the upcoming notes very thoroughly.  

learn sanskrit 14

Hi, friends , in the last post we learnt some slokas and their meanings , and now lets proceed a step ahead .....
Today we are going to learn how to frame sentences by just seeing a picture. These kind of questions are normally asked during the sanskrit basic and higher examinations. This will improve our sanskrit in  both the ways speaking and writing too so today lets take a small picture and write very simple sentences......

चित्रं दृष्ट्वा पञ्च पदानि लिखतु :-

Write five sentences by seeing the picture:-

१. अस्माकं चित्रे एक ग्रामः अभवत|
२. चित्रे महिला तृणं अधारयत |
३. चित्रे एक कुकुरहः अपि अभवत|
४. बालकः चित्रे गोवत्सः संगे अतिष्टत|
५. अस्मिन चित्रे एक कुक्कुटी अपि अभवत|


1. Asmakam chitre ek gramah abahvat
2. chitre mahila trunam adharayat.
3. chitree ek kukuraha api abhavat.
4.balakah chitre govatsah sange athistat.
5.asmin chitre ek kukkutti api abhavat.


1.In our picture a village has been described.
2.In picture a women is carrying grasses.
3.In the pic a dog is also seen
4.A boy is standing with the calf in the pic.
5. In our pic a Hen is also seen.



In our sentencesu would have seen something very common we are using every where the different kind of verb ...... Like अभवत ,(Abhavat )  अधारयत (adharayat)...... why are we not using proper verbs like धारयति  (dharayati)   भवति  (bhavati)?

Yes there is a reason ... to know complete sanskrit it is better to know all the reasons so let me explain u briefly
see the picture is always in pastense so for pastence we always use (अ)  before all the verb .... but if it is plural then u should use the word (सन्ति ) ...... I know it is little confusing but no need to worry this is grammar called (लकारस ) (lakaras)..  we will learn briefly about this in upcomming post.

Learn sanskrit 13

Lets learn some slokaas with their meaning inthis lesson

ॐ असतो मा सदगमय
तमसो  मा ज्योथिर्गमय
मृत्योर्मा अमृतं गमय


om asto ma sadgamaya
tamso maa jyotir gamaya
mrityor maa amritam gamay


Meaning:


Lead us from unreal to real
From darkness to light
From death to immortality

गुरु ब्रह्म गुरु विष्णु
गुरु देवो महेश्वरा
गुरु साक्षात पर्ब्रंह
तस्मै श्री गुरवे नमः


Guru bramha , guru vishnu
guru devo, maheshvara
guru sakshaat parbramha
tasmai shri guruve namah

Meaning:

Teacher is Lord Bramha, and Vishnu
Teacher is Lord shiva
Teacher is above from everyone
My salute to the great teacher.

Exercise:

i) विमोल्पदानि  लिखतु


मृत्युः                    x     जीवनं
mrituhuh                      jivanam


तमसः                   x    ज्योतिः
tamasah                       jyotihi


सद्गुनः                    x   दुर्गुनः
sadgunah                    durgunah


गुरु                        x   शिष्य
guru                            shisya


अमृतं                    x   विषं
amritam                      visham

ii) संधि करोतु

सद्गमय                   --    सत + गमय
sadgamaya                    sat + gamaya

ज्योतिर्गमय           --    ज्योतिः  + गमय
jyotirgamay                    jyotihi + gamaya

मृत्योर्मा                 --   मृतुहु  + मा
mrityormaa                   mrithuh+ maa

महेश्वरः                  --  महत + ईश्वरः
maheshvarah                mahat+ eeshvarah

पर्ब्रमः                     -- पर + ब्रह्म
parbramha                   par + bramha

iii) प्रश्नोउत्तरः

१." मृत्योर्मा अमृतं गमय " अर्थं लिखतु
     "mrityormaa amritam gamay" artham likhatu
      mrityormaa amritam gamay"  write the meaning

      अस्माकं मृतुर्णां मोक्षं करोतु
      asmaakam mrityurnaam maksham karotu
      Lead us from death to immortality

२.  कः ईश्वरस्य  समः  ?
     kah eeshvarasya samah?
    who is bigger than the god?

     गुरुः ईश्वरस्य समः            
     guruh eeshvarsya samah
     Teacher  is greater than god


३)  गुरुं महिमा लिखतु
     gurum mahimaa likhatu
    Write the qualities of Teacher

    गुरु ब्रह्म गुरु विष्णु
    गुरु देवो महेश्वरा
    गुरु साक्षात पर्ब्रंह
  Guru bramha , guru vishnu
  guru devo, maheshvara
 guru sakshaat parbramha

Teacher is Lord Bramha, and Vishnu
Teacher is Lord shiva
Teacher is above from everyone

४) पूरयतु ॐ ------------- ज्योतिर्गमय
fill up the sloka


   ॐ असतो मा सदगमय
   तमसो  मा ज्योथिर्गमय


om asto ma sadgamaya
tamso maa jyotir gamaya


 iv) विबक्तिं प्रयोगाणां रिक्त्स्तानी पूरयतु:- (राम शब्दः)
fill in the blanks using vibhakti (ram shabadah)

१.सीता -----------  सः गच्छति (रामः/ रामेन )
   sita   ----------- sah gacchati (ramah / ramen)
  sita is going with -------------- (ramah / ramen)

 २.---------- जनकः गोपालः (रामस्य/ रामात)
    ---------- janakah gopaalah (ramasya/ raamaat)
   -----------  father is gopal (ramasya/ raamaat)

३. रामः अपि ------------- खेलयति (कन्दुकः / कन्दुकेन )
    ramah api ------------ khelayati (kandukah/ kanduken)
   ramah is also ----------- playing (kandukah/ kanduken)

४.---------- पुरुशोतमा नर हरे ( हे रामः/हे रामा)
-------------  purushotamaa nar hare (hey rama/ he ramaa)
----------   best in god and man (hey rama/ he ramaa)

५.फलं --------------- पतति (रामात/ रामभिः)
   phalam ---------- patati (ramaat/ ramabhi)
  fruit ------------   fallen  (ramaat/ ramabhi)


उत्तरं  (answers)

१ रामेन
   ramaen
 
२ रामस्य
   ramasya

३. कन्दुकेन (ball)
    kanduken

४ हे रामा
    hey raamaa

५ रामात
    raamaat

Learn sanskrit 12

So now lets learn a small lesson , in this lesson u will find some thing new to leran in sanskrit.


एकस्मिन् वने शृगालः , बकः निवसतः  स्म | तयोः मित्रता आसीत | एकदा प्रातः शृगालः बकं अवदत्  " मित्रं ! शवः त्वं मया सः भोजनं कुरु "| शृगालस्य निमन्तरेन बकः प्रसन्नः अभवत | अग्रिमे दिने सः भोजनाय शृगालस्य निवासं अगच्छत | कुटिल स्वभावः शृगालः स्थाल्यां बकः शिरोदनं अयच्छत | शृगालः बकं अवदत् " मित्रं ! अस्मिन पात्रे  वयं सहैव खादामः " भोजनकाले बकस्य चञ्चु स्थालित भोजने ग्रहणे  समर्था न अभवत | अतः बकः केवलं शिरोधनं अपश्यत शृगालः तु सर्व शिरोधनं अभक्षयत | शृगालः वञ्चितः बकः अचिन्तयत " यथा मया सः व्यवहारं कृतः अहं अपि तेन सः व्यवहरिष्यामि " | एवं चिनतित्वा सः श्रुगलेन अवदत् " मित्र! त्वं अपि शवः सायं मया सः भोजनं करिष्यस "|   बकस्य निमन्त्रेन शृगालः प्रसनं अभवत|  यदा शृगालः सायं बकस्य निवासं भोजनाय अगच्छत  तदा बकः  संकिरनमुखे कलशे शिरोधनं अयच्छत | शृगालः सः अवदत् " मित्रं अस्मिन पात्रे  वयं सहैव खादामः " | बकः चञ्च्वा शिरोधनं अखादत परन्तु शृगालस्य मुखं कलशे न प्रविशति | बकः सर्वं शिरोधनं अखादत | शृगालः च केवलं अपश्यत |
अतः उक्तं    
                                       "आत्मदुर्व्यव्हरस्य फलं भवति दुखं
                                        तस्मात सद्व्यव्ह्र्तव्यं  मानवेन सुखिशिना "


Ekasmin vane shrugalah , bakah  nivasantah sma. Tayoh mitrata aasit .Ekda prat shrugalah bakam avadat "mitram ! shvah tvam maya sah bhojanam kuru". Shrugalasya nimantrena bakah prasannah abhavat .Agrime dine sah bhojanay shrugalasya nivasam aghaccat .Kutil svabhavah shrugalah sthalayam bakah shirodhanam ayacchat .Shrugalah bakam avadat" mitra! asmin patre vyam sahaeva khadamah ". Bhojnkale bakasya chanchu stalit bhojane grahne samrtha na abhavat . Atah bakah kevalam shirodhnam apashyat shrugalah sarvam shirodhanam abhakshayt. Shrugalah vanchit bakah achintayat "yatha maya sah vyavharam krutah aham api ten sah vyavaharisyami" Evam chintitva sah shrugalam avadat "mitra tvam api svah saayam maya sah bhojanam karishyas" Bakasya nimantren shrugalah prasanam abhavat . Yada shrugalah saayam baksya nivasam aghacchat tada bakah sakirnmukhe kalshe shirodhanam ayacchat .Shurgalah sah avadat "mitra!asmin patre vyam sahaiva khadamah ". Bakah chancva shiridhnam akhadat parantu shrugalasya mukham na pravishati .Bakah sarvam shirodanam akhadat . shrugalah ch kevakam apashyat.
atah uktam


                              " aatmadurvyavaharsya phalam bhavati dukham
                                 tasmaat sadvyavhartvyam maanvena sukhishina"




In a forest there lived a jackal and a Crane . They both were good friends. One fine morning jackal said crane " friend tomorrow u come to my place for lunch" Getting this invitation Crane become happy. The next day Crane went to jackal's place for lunch . Cruel jackal kept the sweet milk in a plate and said Crane " friend we will have in the same plate" due to beak crane could not eat the food, and jackal finished the food. After tricked by the jackal the crane takes in mind that " as he has behaved with me i will also do the same to him "  Crane said the jackal " friend tomorrow evening u also come to my place for dinner". hearing this invitation jackal gets happy. In evening when he goes to Crane's place there crane gave him a sweet milk in a  narrow pot. And said " friend we will also have  together " due to his beak crane can eat the food but jackal could not . Crane finished the whole food but jackal could only see.
so it is said:


                              " if u misbehave with someone u will get only pain
                                but doing good to others u will be happy.






Exercise:


i)अर्थं लिखतु:-


१. शृगालः                            -- jackal
२. बकः                               -- Crane
३ शवः                                -- tomorrow
४.संकिरनमुखे                    -- Narrow
५.स्थालायं                         -- Plate
६ चन्चुः                              -- Beak
७ कलशे                             -- Pot
८ सद्व्यवहार                     -- Good act


ii) संधि लिखतु:-


१ एकस्मिन्                     ---      एकः + अस्मिन
   ekasmin                       ---      ekah + asmin


२ भोजनकाले                  --- भोजन + अकाले
   bhojamkaale               ---   bhojan + kaale


३. अहमपि                     --- अहं + अपि
     ahamapi                    --- aham + api


४ दुर्व्यव्हर्स्य                  --- दुर + व्यवहारस्य
    durvyavaharsya          --- dur + vyavahaarsya


५. यादृशं                      -- यत् + दृशं
     yadrusham              -- yat + drusham


iii) प्रश्नोतरः


१  शृगालस्य मित्रं कः आसीत?
     shrugaalasya mitram kah aasit ?
    Who  was jackal's friend?


     शृगालस्य मित्रं बकः आसीत.
      shrugaalsya mitram bakah aasit.
      Crane was jackal's friend

२. स्थालितः कः भोजनं न अखादत?
    sthalitah kah bhojanam na akhadat?
    Who was unable to eat food in plate

   बकः स्थालितः भोजनं न खादत
   bakah sthalitah bhojanam na khadat
   Crane could not eat food in Plate


३.बकः शृगालस्य भोजने किं अयच्छत ?
    bakah shrugaalsya bhojam kim ayacchay
   What  food did the crane offer to jackal?


   बकः  शृगालस्य भोजने शिरोधनं अयच्छत
   bakah  shrugaalasya bhojane shiridhanam ayacchat
  The crane offered sweet milk to jackal


४. शृगालस्य स्वभावः कीदृशः भवति ?
     shrugaalsya svabhavah kidrush bhavati?
     What was the nature f the jackal?


   शृगालस्य स्वभावः कुटिलः भवति.
    shrugaalsya svabhavah kutilah bhavati
   The nature of the jackal was cruel.




iv) विमोल्पदानि लिखतु


१. शत्रुः             x  मित्रं


२. सुखं            x  दुखं


३, सायं          x  प्रातः


४.अप्रसन्नः  x  प्रसन्नः


५.असमर्थः   x समर्थः

Learn sanskrit 11 (grammar shabdas)

so , in the previous post we learnt about Sandhi, now lets learn shabdas . These are very important to be learned.
Now what is shabdas?



There are three basic parts of speech in sanskrit:
 shabdas(Nouns, pronouns, adjectives , participles)
 Dhatu (verbs)
avyaya(prepositions, adverbs, excalation )

here we shall discus the declensions of noun. The forms of noun depends on two things
Its vachnam( number) and vibakti (case)

Lets us see the first shabada : Ram

अकारान्त शबद रूप रामः 

विभक्ति          एकवचनं            द्विवचनं                  बहुवचनं

vibhakti        ekvachanam      dvivachanam       bahuvachanam

प्रथम              रामः                   रामौ                       रामाः 

prathama      raamah             ramauo                  raamaah

द्वितीय            रामं                    रामौ                       रामान 

dvitiya           raamam              ramauo                  raamaan

तृतिया            रामेन्               रामाभ्याम                  रामै:

tritiyaa          raamaen          raamaabyam            ramaeh

चतुर्थी            रामाय              रामाभ्याम                 रामेभ्यः 

chathurti      raamaay          raamaabyam           ramebyah

पञ्चमी         रामात              रामाभ्याम                   रामेभ्यः 

panchami    raamaat           raamaabyaam           ramebyah

षष्टिः             रामस्य             रामयोः                         रामाणां 

shati             raamasya        raamayoha                    raamaanaam

सप्तमी           रामे                  रामयोः                          रामेषु 

saptami        raame                raamyoh                     raamaeshu

संबोदं            हे रामः!            हे रामौ !                          हे रामाः!

sambodam   he raam!            he ramoo!                   he raamaah!

This is the first shabadas there are many more shabads in different but if we learn 5to 6 then we can develop the shabadas by urself ....

   

Learn sanskrit 10 ( grammar - Sandhi)

Every language has a set of sounds that is used to make words and sentences. Usually, the sounds are quite easy to pronounce, especially for native speakers. But even though the sounds might be easy to say when they're separate, it can be quite difficult to say some of them when they're put together, especially when speaking quickly! Sanskrit speakers faced these exact problems, and they did what people everywhere did with their own languages: in one place or another, they started to simplify their pronunciation. These simplifications did not happen everywhere, but they certainly did in ordinary speech. The early Sanskrit grammarians, trying to study their own language and preserve it for the future, gave a single name to the set of all of these changes: sandhi.

अ  आ	अ	आ
इ  ई	ए (अ +इ  )	ऐ  (आ +इ )
उ   ऊ	ओ  (अ +उ )	औ   (आ +ऊ )
त्र   त्र	आर  (अ +त्र  )	आर  (आ +त्र )
ल्र ल्र	अल  (अ +ल्र )	आल  (आ +ल्र )

Common Vowel Sandhis 

1.  Two similar simple vowels coming together are replaced by their long form:
   

i)  अ  आ  + अ आ -- आ 

 माला +  अस्ति  मलास्ति , 
(mala+asti--- malaasti)

Now lets us see some examples in the same topic

१. विद्या + आलय         ----  विद्यालय 
  (vidya+aalaya-- vidyaalay)

२ देव + आलय             ----  देवालय 
   (dev+aalay-- devalaya)

३. न्यालय                   ---- न्याय + आलय    
 (nyaalay-- nya+aalay)

ii)  ई इ  +इ ई ---- ई 

बोधति+इति                ----- बोधतीति


examples)

कवीश्वर:                    ------ कवी + ईश्वरः (kaveeshvarah-- kavi+eeshvarah)

कपिईन्द्र :                 ------  कपि + इन्द्रः (kapeendrah---kapi+endrah)

iii)  उ,ऊ, +उ, ऊ --------- ऊ 

  examples )

  अनु + उत्तम     ------ अनूतम  (anu+uttam-- anuutam)

  

   वधु+ उत्त्सवः    ----- वदूत्सव  (vadhu+utsavah-- vaduutsavah)

apart from these lets see some more formulas to understand and learn sandhi much more easily,normally we need to remember these formula but once if we learn basic sanskrit then these formulas  will not need any explanation...... 

इ ई + अ ---- य 

examples )

इति + अर्थः    ------ इत्यर्थः 

देवी+अहम्     ------ देव्यहम 

उ ऊ +अ   --- व् 

example )

त्रिशु +अपि ----- त्रिश्वपी 

ए=  अय  , ऐ= आय , ओ = अव् , औ  =आव् 

ने + अन्नम    ---------- नयनं 

नै + अकः       ----------  नायकः 

भो + अनम    ----------- भवनं 

नौ + औ         ----------- नावो:

The next is very important and very oftenly used 

ए  or ओ  +अ   = ए or एs  or ओs  

मुने + अत्र               -------- मुनेsत्र 

पुरषो आगछत       -------- पुरुशोsग्च्छत 

These were some important and basics sandhi rules ,   now  we will learn sandhi from the lessons or stories or poems in upcomming posts.....