In the previous post you can find the test paper which you can see and answer, so it would be easy for you to make a quick revision of what we have learned earlier.
Now lets go ahead with our lessons.
Now lets go ahead with our lessons.
In the last post (Learn Sanskrit 15 (grammar)) we had learned the basic introduction to TENSE. To make more clear lets see it briefly with few examples.
So lets remember that words in sanskrit belongs to two categories depending on whether the activity specified in the verb applies to the person himself or whether it applies to someone other than the subject of the verb.
Verbs referring to the activity for the self are said to be
"Atmanepada" verbs.
Verbs referring to the activity for others are said to be
"Parasmaipada" verbs.
Verbs which can take both forms are known as
"Ubhayapada" verbs
Forms of the verb for the different tenses and moods are obtained by adding suffixes or prefixes or both to the root form and adding an infix as well. So we may say that the general form of any "lakara" is
(prefix) + root form + infix + suffix.
The parenthesis indicates that the prefix is not present in all forms. Let me not confuse you more i will give u a very simple example for you to understand easily.
Past tense (simple past tense)
The form here is लङ् ( lang)
As seen above the formation of the verb may be specified by a formula.
(prefix) + root form + infix + suffix.
The infix is based on the root person while suffix is referred to the word termination depends on the tense or mood. For simple past Tense "अ" is the prefix. The word we take here is पठति
Past tense (simple past tense)
The form here is लङ् ( lang)
As seen above the formation of the verb may be specified by a formula.
(prefix) + root form + infix + suffix.
The infix is based on the root person while suffix is referred to the word termination depends on the tense or mood. For simple past Tense "अ" is the prefix. The word we take here is पठति
Person
|
Singular
|
Dual
|
plural
|
IIIrd
|
अपठत
He read
|
अपठत;
They two read
|
अपठन
They read
|
IInd
|
अपठ:
You read
|
अपठतं
You two read
|
अपठत
They read
|
Ist
|
अपठम
I read
|
अपठटाव्
We two read
|
अपठटाम्
We read
|
This is the very basic formula. You have to just remember the root of all the verbs like for the above word पठति the root is पठ. Based on the root of the verbs you have to find the tense, which is not that difficult.
so let me conclude this post by just giving you a small exercise so you can understand and remember more.
Write the Lang lakaras for the following word
गच्छति ( the root of the word गच्छति is गच्छ)
so let me conclude this post by just giving you a small exercise so you can understand and remember more.
Write the Lang lakaras for the following word
गच्छति ( the root of the word गच्छति is गच्छ)
