Friday 10 May 2013

Learn sanskrit 18

Hello Friends, In the last class we have learned a small story now lets learn few higher level conversation, lets start with the sentences:

I) Conversation during Lunch

अन्नं बहु उष्णम् अस्ति
annam bahu ushnam asti.         


एकचषकं जलम् आनयतु।
ekachashakam jalam aanayatu.

किञ्चित् व्यञ्जनं परिवेषयतु।
kinchit vyanjanam pariveshayatu

व्यञ्जनस्य कृते लवणं किञ्चित् न्यूनम्।
vyanjanasya krate lavanam kinchit nyoonam.

सारः बहु सम्यक् अस्ति।
saaraha bahu samyak asti

किञ्चित् "उपदंशं" परिवेशयतु।
 kinchit upadamsham pariveshayatu

घृतम् एव न परिवेशितवान् अहम्।
ghratam eva na pariveshitavaan aham.

विना शब्दं भोजनं कुर्वन्तु।
vinaa shabdam bhojanam kurvantu.

सम्यक् चर्वित्वा भोजनं कुर्वन्तु।
samyak charvitvaa bhojanam kurvantu.

तक्रार्थं किञ्चित् अन्नं परिवेशयामि वा?
takraartham kinchit annam pariveshayaami vaa

मास्तु, इदानीमेव बहु अभवत्।
maastu, idaaneemeva bahu abhavat

Meaning in English:

The rice is very hot.

Bring a glass of water

Serve some dry side dish

Salt is less in dry side dish

Soup is very good.

Serve some Pickle

I didn't serve ghee to myself.

Don't talk while eating.

Chew the food properly and eat.

Shall i serve you some rice.

No, I already have some rice.


Exercise:

These are 11 sentences which normally people do have a talk during lunch. English meanings are given for these sentences. Now it's your work to make a proper conversation out of this.

Tips:
U can mention two people name
u can add some wishes such as good afternoon/ hello / hi etc....
u can also add few sentences of your own.

If you can complete this conversation then u can manage in talking in Sanskrit at a medium level. 









Wednesday 8 May 2013

Learn sanskrit 17

So in the last post we have seen about the lakkaras. It is just a basic and starting a lot to cover yet, but let me not confuse you more by continuing the grammar, lets see some prose and conversations.... Below is a simple story :-



एकस्मिन् ग्रामे कश्चित् निर्धनः युवकः आसीत्  तस्य नाम धनपालः आसीत्  सः प्रतिदिनं भिक्षायै ग्रामं ग्रामं प्रति भ्रमति स्म  भिक्षायां प्राप्तैः सक्तुभिः तस्य घटः पूर्णः अभवत्  सः घटं नागदन्ते अवलम्ब्य तस्य नीचैः खट्वायां शयनं करोति स्मशयनकाले  निरन्तरम् एकदृष्ट्या घटं पश्यति स्म 
सः एकदा रात्रौ एवम् अचिन्तयत् – मम अयं घटः सक्तुभिः पूर्णः अस्ति  यदा दुर्भिक्ष्यं भविष्यति तदा सक्तु-विक्रयेण प्रचुरं धनं प्राप्स्यामि  ततः तेन धनेन अहम् अजाद्वयस्य क्रयं करिष्यामि  अजाद्वयस्य शिशुभिः अजानां समूहः मम समीपे भविष्यति  अजानां विक्रयेण गवांमहिषीणांअश्वानां  क्रयं करिष्यामितासां शिशुभिः बहवः पशवः भविष्यन्ति  तेषां विक्रयेण मम पार्श्वे बहूनि धनानि आगमिष्यन्ति  धनेन विशालस्य भवनस्य निर्माणं कारयिष्यामि  तदा मां धनिकं मत्वा कोऽपि रूपवतीं कन्यां मह्यं प्रदास्यति। ततः मम पुत्रः भविष्यति  तस्य नाम सोमशर्मा इति करिष्यामि। कदाचित् क्रीडन् सः पुत्रः मम समीपम् आगमिष्यति। तदा कुपितः अहं स्वपत्नीं वदिष्यामि – “गृहाण एनं बालकम्।” सा गृहकार्ये संलग्ना मम वचनं यदा  श्रोष्यति तदा अहं पत्न्याः उपरि पादेन प्रहरिष्यामि।
एवं स्वप्नेन प्रेरितः सः पादप्रहारम् अकरोत्। तेन सक्तुपूरितः घटः भूमौ पतितः भग्नः  अभवत्। भग्नेन घटेन सह एव तस्य मनोरथाः अपि भग्नाः अभवन्  अतः युक्तमेव उक्तं “अतिस्वप्नरञ्जनं किमर्थम्। अति सर्वत्र वर्जयेत् 


In English

In a village there lived a poor man. His name was Dhanpal. Everyday he used to go inside the village for alms, because of his daily routine his pot would be full of rice. Then he hanged his pot  in a hook and just down that he slept and very often he used to see the pot for his satisfaction.
One night he was dreaming that my pot is completelly full. During the bad times i would sell my rice and get a male and female goat from them i would have goat kid, then i would have a complete goat family. Later on i will sell them and get cows and buffaloes, from them too i will have cows and buffaloes kids. I will sell them then i would have a lot of money. From that money i will build my house. Seeing that a man would give a very beautiful daughter and i will marry her. I will have a son from her. He would grow up and start playing. while playing he would come to me then i would call my wife and say her to take him she did not listen and angrily I would kick her.
Even he was in dream but he was kicking in real. By mistake he kicked his own pot that pot fell down all his dream also fell down like a pot . What is the use of high dreams?
Moral of the story:
 We should not be over excited for anything.  


Exercise

Give the meaning 
अर्थं लिखतु 

ग्रामे                     Village
घटः                     pot 
निर्धनः                poor 
युवकः                 youth 
पद्प्रहारं              kicking 

II

Answer the questions
1) ग्रामे  कः आसीत ?
   graame kah  aasit ?
   who lived in village?

2) सः किमर्थं ग्रामे भ्रमति ?
     sah kimaratam graame bharamti?
     why does he roams in village?

3) सः स्वंप्ने किं दृष्टि ?
     sah swampne kim drushti?
    What did he dreamed about?

III
Find out the lakharas from the story
    
  




Monday 18 March 2013

Learn Sanskrit 16 ( grammar Lakaras part 2)

In the previous post you can find the test paper which you can see and answer, so it would be easy for you to make a quick revision of what we have learned earlier.
Now  lets go ahead with our lessons.

In the last post (Learn Sanskrit 15 (grammar)) we had learned the basic introduction to TENSE. To make more clear lets see it briefly with few examples.

So lets remember that words in sanskrit  belongs to two categories depending on whether the activity specified in the verb applies to the person himself or whether it applies to someone other than the subject of the verb.


Verbs referring to the activity for the self are said to be
"Atmanepada"  verbs.
Verbs referring to the activity for others are said to be
"Parasmaipada" verbs.
Verbs which can take both forms are known as 
"Ubhayapada" verbs

 Forms of the verb for the different tenses and moods are obtained by adding suffixes or prefixes or both to the root form and adding an infix as well. So we may say that the general form of any "lakara" is
 (prefix) + root form + infix + suffix.
The parenthesis indicates that the prefix is not present  in all forms. Let me not confuse you more i will give u a very simple example for you to understand easily.

Past tense (simple past tense)
The form here is लङ् ( lang)

As seen above the formation  of the verb may be specified by a formula.
  (prefix) + root form + infix + suffix.

The infix is based on the root person while suffix is referred to the word termination depends on the tense or mood. For simple past Tense "अ" is the prefix. The word we take here is पठति 



Person
Singular
Dual
plural
IIIrd

 अपठत 
He read
  अपठत;
They two read   
   अपठन
They read
IInd


  अपठ
You read 
अपठतं 
You two read
   अपठत
They read
Ist


 अपठम
I read
अपठटाव्
We two read
अपठटाम्
We read




This is the very basic formula. You have to just remember the root of all the verbs like for the above word पठति  the root is पठ. Based on the root of the verbs you have to find the tense, which is not that difficult.
so let me conclude this post by just giving you a small exercise so you can understand and remember more.

Write the Lang lakaras for the following word

गच्छति ( the root of the word गच्छति is  गच्छ)

  










           

Test sanskrit 2


Hello friends
 It has been quite a long time i haven't  wrote any post,sorry but  i was a bit busy. Anyways lets continue with   
the lessons. Before that lets see how much you guys remember about the previous classes by a short test.


                                                     sanskrit   test paper                                                                                              

Marks --  50
Time  -- 60 mins                                                                                                                              

आन्ग्ल्यम अर्थम् लिखतु :-       (5 )
Write the english meanings for the below:-

चषकः -

वलितं -

श्रुगालाह

बकः

अमृतं


विमोल पदानि लिखतु:     (5 )
write the opposites

मधुरं

बृहत 

राजा 

सायं

सुखं

संधि करोतु :                  (5)
split the words

सद्गमय 

तमसः 

अहमपि

 देवालय

बोधति+इति




वर्नासंयोगम करोतु :            (2)
Join the words

ल+अ+ग+उ 

व्+अ_स+ त +र+ अ+ म


स्लोकाम  पूरयतु:-                 (5) 
Fill up the slokha

असतो माँ ....................
अधरम  मधुरं ............


विभक्तिम प्रयोगम  रिकित्स्तानानी पूरयतु :   (3)
Fill in the blanks using Vibhakti:

अहम् ---------- खेलामी (रामः/ रामेण)
मम नाम --------- (सिया/सियाम)
फलं .......... पतति (वृक्षं/वृक्षात)


प्रश्नोतरम लिखतु                                (10)

1)राग्यस्य वक्शास्थ्लौप्री कह उपविशति ?
2) स्थालितः कह भोजनं न अखादत ?
3)  " मृत्योर्मा अमृतं गमय " अर्थं लिखतु
4)   कह समयं सूचयति ?
5)   शृगालस्य स्वभावः कीदृशः भवति ?


चित्रं दृष्ट्वा पञ्च पदानि लिखतु :-  (5)




















Write the vibhakti for "RAM"  (5)

Name all the 10 types of lakkaras  (5)



If you have any queries regarding the answer you can put them in my comment box or you can even  mail  me in the below id

siya.daswani@gmail.com



                                          GOOD LUCK























































































































Saturday 17 March 2012

learn sanskrit 15 (grammar)


So in the last post i just gave u ahint of lkaras right yes ofcourse we are just going ahead in the same topic it is really very intresting topic among everything that is nothing but tence yes yes ofcourse the tences so lets learn below some basic introduction on the above mentioned topic

General introduction to the tenses.

In Sanskrit, verbs are associated with ten different
forms of usage. Of these six relate to the tenses and
four relate to moods. We shall examine the usages
now.
Six tenses are identified as follows. The tenses
directly relate to the time associated with the
activity specified in the verb, i.e., whether the
activity referred to in the verb is taking
place now or has it happened already or if it
will happen or going to happen etc.

Present tense:  वर्तमान कालः 
There is only one form for the present tense.

Past tense: भूत कालः 

Past tense has three forms associated with it.
1. Expressing something that had happened sometime
    in the recent past, typically last few days.
2. Expressing something that might have just happened,
    typically in the earlier part of the day.
3. Expressing something that had happened in the distant
    past about which we may not have much or any
    knowledge.

Future tense: भविष्यत कालः 
Future tense has two forms associated with it.
1. Expressing something that is certainly going to happen.
2. Expressing something that is likely to happen.
------Verb forms not associated with time.
There are four forms of the verb which do not relate
to any time. These forms are called "moods" in the
English language. English grammar specifies threemoods which are, Indicative mood, Imperative mood
and the Subjunctive mood. In Sanskrit primers one
sees a reference to four moods with a slightly
different nomenclature. These are, Imperative mood,
potential mood, conditional mood and benedictive
mood. Since the nomenclature differs we will have
to see what the moods in Sanskrit actually refer to.
The ten forms of usage of the verb are each given a
name in Sanskrit and all the names start with the
akshara l. Hence the forms are called the ten "lakaras"
(Even though two of the forms do not strictly start
with l , the term lkara:  applies)
1. लट  Present tense

2. लङ्ग्  Past tense - imperfect

3. लुङ्ग् Past tense - aorist

4. लिट् Past tense - perfect

5. लुट्  Future tense - likely

6. लृट्Future tense - certain

7. लृङ्ग्  Conditional mood

८  विधिलिङ्ग् .  Potential mood

9. आशिर्लीङ्ग्   Benedictive mood

10. लोट्  Imperative mood

so wasn't that interesting dear friends, hmmm so this is just an introduction to lakaras lets learn more on each kind of lakaras no no don't worry not now but in nxt post becoz i know it is a bit difficult..... so to learn sanskrit u need to learn this and all the upcoming notes very thoroughly.  

learn sanskrit 14

Hi, friends , in the last post we learnt some slokas and their meanings , and now lets proceed a step ahead .....
Today we are going to learn how to frame sentences by just seeing a picture. These kind of questions are normally asked during the sanskrit basic and higher examinations. This will improve our sanskrit in  both the ways speaking and writing too so today lets take a small picture and write very simple sentences......

चित्रं दृष्ट्वा पञ्च पदानि लिखतु :-

Write five sentences by seeing the picture:-




१. अस्माकं चित्रे एक ग्रामः अभवत|
२. चित्रे महिला तृणं अधारयत |
३. चित्रे एक कुकुरहः अपि अभवत|
४. बालकः चित्रे गोवत्सः संगे अतिष्टत|
५. अस्मिन चित्रे एक कुक्कुटी अपि अभवत|


1. Asmakam chitre ek gramah abahvat
2. chitre mahila trunam adharayat.
3. chitree ek kukuraha api abhavat.
4.balakah chitre govatsah sange athistat.
5.asmin chitre ek kukkutti api abhavat.


1.In our picture a village has been described.
2.In picture a women is carrying grasses.
3.In the pic a dog is also seen
4.A boy is standing with the calf in the pic.
5. In our pic a Hen is also seen.



In our sentencesu would have seen something very common we are using every where the different kind of verb ...... Like अभवत ,(Abhavat )  अधारयत (adharayat)...... why are we not using proper verbs like धारयति  (dharayati)   भवति  (bhavati)?

Yes there is a reason ... to know complete sanskrit it is better to know all the reasons so let me explain u briefly
see the picture is always in pastense so for pastence we always use (अ)  before all the verb .... but if it is plural then u should use the word (सन्ति ) ...... I know it is little confusing but no need to worry this is grammar called (लकारस ) (lakaras)..  we will learn briefly about this in upcomming post.


Friday 17 February 2012

Learn sanskrit 13

Lets learn some slokaas with their meaning inthis lesson

ॐ असतो मा सदगमय
तमसो  मा ज्योथिर्गमय
मृत्योर्मा अमृतं गमय


om asto ma sadgamaya
tamso maa jyotir gamaya
mrityor maa amritam gamay


Meaning:


Lead us from unreal to real
From darkness to light
From death to immortality

गुरु ब्रह्म गुरु विष्णु
गुरु देवो महेश्वरा
गुरु साक्षात पर्ब्रंह
तस्मै श्री गुरवे नमः


Guru bramha , guru vishnu
guru devo, maheshvara
guru sakshaat parbramha
tasmai shri guruve namah

Meaning:

Teacher is Lord Bramha, and Vishnu
Teacher is Lord shiva
Teacher is above from everyone
My salute to the great teacher.

Exercise:

i) विमोल्पदानि  लिखतु


मृत्युः                    x     जीवनं
mrituhuh                      jivanam


तमसः                   x    ज्योतिः
tamasah                       jyotihi


सद्गुनः                    x   दुर्गुनः
sadgunah                    durgunah


गुरु                        x   शिष्य
guru                            shisya


अमृतं                    x   विषं
amritam                      visham

ii) संधि करोतु

सद्गमय                   --    सत + गमय
sadgamaya                    sat + gamaya

ज्योतिर्गमय           --    ज्योतिः  + गमय
jyotirgamay                    jyotihi + gamaya

मृत्योर्मा                 --   मृतुहु  + मा
mrityormaa                   mrithuh+ maa

महेश्वरः                  --  महत + ईश्वरः
maheshvarah                mahat+ eeshvarah

पर्ब्रमः                     -- पर + ब्रह्म
parbramha                   par + bramha

iii) प्रश्नोउत्तरः

१." मृत्योर्मा अमृतं गमय " अर्थं लिखतु
     "mrityormaa amritam gamay" artham likhatu
      mrityormaa amritam gamay"  write the meaning

      अस्माकं मृतुर्णां मोक्षं करोतु
      asmaakam mrityurnaam maksham karotu
      Lead us from death to immortality

२.  कः ईश्वरस्य  समः  ?
     kah eeshvarasya samah?
    who is bigger than the god?

     गुरुः ईश्वरस्य समः            
     guruh eeshvarsya samah
     Teacher  is greater than god


३)  गुरुं महिमा लिखतु
     gurum mahimaa likhatu
    Write the qualities of Teacher

    गुरु ब्रह्म गुरु विष्णु
    गुरु देवो महेश्वरा
    गुरु साक्षात पर्ब्रंह
  Guru bramha , guru vishnu
  guru devo, maheshvara
 guru sakshaat parbramha

Teacher is Lord Bramha, and Vishnu
Teacher is Lord shiva
Teacher is above from everyone

४) पूरयतु ॐ ------------- ज्योतिर्गमय
fill up the sloka


   ॐ असतो मा सदगमय
   तमसो  मा ज्योथिर्गमय


om asto ma sadgamaya
tamso maa jyotir gamaya


 iv) विबक्तिं प्रयोगाणां रिक्त्स्तानी पूरयतु:- (राम शब्दः)
fill in the blanks using vibhakti (ram shabadah)

१.सीता -----------  सः गच्छति (रामः/ रामेन )
   sita   ----------- sah gacchati (ramah / ramen)
  sita is going with -------------- (ramah / ramen)

 २.---------- जनकः गोपालः (रामस्य/ रामात)
    ---------- janakah gopaalah (ramasya/ raamaat)
   -----------  father is gopal (ramasya/ raamaat)

३. रामः अपि ------------- खेलयति (कन्दुकः / कन्दुकेन )
    ramah api ------------ khelayati (kandukah/ kanduken)
   ramah is also ----------- playing (kandukah/ kanduken)

४.---------- पुरुशोतमा नर हरे ( हे रामः/हे रामा)
-------------  purushotamaa nar hare (hey rama/ he ramaa)
----------   best in god and man (hey rama/ he ramaa)

५.फलं --------------- पतति (रामात/ रामभिः)
   phalam ---------- patati (ramaat/ ramabhi)
  fruit ------------   fallen  (ramaat/ ramabhi)


उत्तरं  (answers)

१ रामेन
   ramaen
 
२ रामस्य
   ramasya

३. कन्दुकेन (ball)
    kanduken

४ हे रामा
    hey raamaa

५ रामात
    raamaat